Who is scientist of chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier paved the way for modern chemistry. He helped give the field structure by developing an ordered language and symbolism. And his understanding of the constituent parts of air, as well as the process of combustion, disproved centuries of incorrect thinking. But there is perhaps no more important chemist than Dmitri Mendeleev , the Russian who in wrote down the symbols for all the known chemical elements, arranging them according to their atomic weight. He had created the periodic table , making it possible to predict how any given element would react with another, the compounds it would form and what kind of physical properties it would have.

Rosalind Franklin helped us understand that DNA was structured as a double helix, paving the way for the modern revolution in genetic science. People in Science. Each chemical is unique, composed of a set number of protons, neutrons and electrons, and is identified by a name and a chemical symbol, such as "C" for carbon.

The elements that scientists have discovered so far are listed in the periodic table of elements, and include both elements that are found in nature like carbon , hydrogen and oxygen , as well as those that are manmade, like Lawrencium. Related: How are elements grouped in the periodic table? Chemical elements can bond together to form chemical compounds, which are substances made up of multiple elements, like carbon dioxide which is made of one carbon atom connected to two oxygen atoms , or multiple atoms of a single element, like oxygen gas which is made of two oxygen atoms connected together.

These chemical compounds can then bond with other compounds or elements to form countless other substances and materials. Chemistry is typically considered a physical science, as defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica , because the study of chemistry does not involve living things. Most of the chemistry involved in research and development, such as making new products and materials for customers, falls within this purview.

But the distinction as a physical science becomes a bit blurry in the case of biochemistry, which explores the chemistry of living things, according to the Biochemical Society. The chemicals and chemical processes studied by biochemists are not technically considered "living," but understanding them is important to understanding how life works.

Traditionally, chemistry is broken into five main branches, according to the online chemistry textbook published by LibreText.

There are also more specialized fields, such as food chemistry, environmental chemistry and nuclear chemistry, but this section focuses on chemistry's five major subdisciplines. Analytical chemistry involves the analysis of chemicals, and includes qualitative methods like looking at color changes, as well as quantitative methods like examining the exact wavelength s of light that a chemical absorbed to result in that color change.

These methods enable scientists to characterize many different properties of chemicals, and can benefit society in a number of ways. For example, analytical chemistry helps food companies make tastier frozen dinners by detecting how chemicals in food change when they are frozen over time.

Analytical chemistry is also used to monitor the health of the environment by measuring chemicals in water or soil, for example. Biochemistry , as mentioned above, uses chemistry techniques to understand how biological systems work at a chemical level.

Thanks to biochemistry, researchers have been able to map out the human genome, understand what different proteins do in the body and develop cures for many diseases. Related: Autoimmune disease: definition and examples. Inorganic chemistry studies the chemical compounds in inorganic, or non-living things such as minerals and metals.

Traditionally, inorganic chemistry considers compounds that do not contain carbon which are covered by organic chemistry , but this definition is not completely accurate, according to the ACS. Some compounds studied in inorganic chemistry, like "organometallic compounds," contain metals, which are metals that are attached to carbon — the main element that's studied in organic chemistry.

To do this they use a wide range of analytical techniques and instrumentation, including chromatography and spectroscopy. Chemists typically specialise in biochemistry, neurochemistry, nuclear chemistry or theoretical chemistry. In the pharmaceutical industry chemists develop drugs and study their properties in order to determine the quality and stability of medicines.

Some chemists even work in forensic science to establish evidence in criminal investigations. Experienced chemists are also involved in preparing documentation for product licences. Jobs for chemists require a bachelor's degree and usually a Ph. Chemists need a well-rounded knowledge of mathematics and physics, as well as biology, because they often work collaboratively in cross-functional teams and there is a lot of overlap with other scientific fields such as medicine, radiology and the engineering disciplines.